We know about OSI seven layer model and TCP/IP layers, but only few knows about another model which is known as OSI/ISO network management model or the FCAPS model.
FCAPS stands for fault, configuration, accounting, performance and security. These are the five management areas and were initially defined as ISO standard which later got changed into ITU-T standard known as TMN recommendation on Management Functions (M.3400) and can be found at http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-M.3400-200002-I/en
Fault management— Detect, isolate, notify, and correct faults encountered in the network.
Configuration management— Configure aspects of network devices, such as configuration file management, inventory management, and software management.
Accounting management— Collect usage information of network resources.
Performance management— Monitor and measure various aspects of performance so that overall performance can be maintained at a defined level.
Security management— Secure access to network devices, network resources, and services to authorized individuals.
