Option 82 is defined in RFC : 3046 (https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3046.txt) . It is DHCP Relay Agent Information Option, which includes sub-options "Agent Circuit ID Sub-option" and "Agent Remote ID Sub-option" .
How DHCP Relay works
DHCP Server -----DHCP Relay -------DHCP Client
1) DHCP Client send DHCPOFFER as broadcast packet to DHCP Relay.
2) DHCP Relay knows DHCP Server Ip address, it increments HOP=1, and add DHCP Relay agent address ( its own LAN side IP) and send Unicast packet to DHCP Server
3) DHCP Server understands that its a packet from Relay , sends DHCPOFFER back to Relay agent as unicast packet.
4) DHCP OFFER is forwarded to DHCP Client by Relay.
5) DHCPREQUEST from Client and DHCP-ACK from Server follows the same path as above.
6) DHCP Client is not aware of any DHCP-RELAY in between and the relay acts as if it is DHCP Server.
7) DHCP-Relay is in routing mode , so the interfaces ip address are different.
Option 82
Option 82 is required if there are multiple DHCP Relay in between and each relay is to be assigned from a different pool of IP address. The IP address will be assigned based on Agent id and Circuit id which is to be defined properly in Server.
How to enable option 82 in Cisco DHCP Server
192.168.7.1 192.168.7.2 10.0.0.1
Cisco DHCP Server -----Fedora 11 Linux DHCP Relay -----Windows XP DHCP Client
In this setup we will see how we can enable option 82 in both Linux DHCP Relay agent and CISCO DHCP Server.
Linux DHCP Relay Configuration
1) Download and install latest dhcrelay rpm, I have used isc-dhcrelay-4.2.2rc1
2) Start dhcrelay be giving below command
dhcrelay -a -d -i eth1 -i eth2 192.168.7.1
The -a option enable option 82 in Linux DHCPRelay, open Wireshark and note down the value of Option 82.
Cisco DHCP Server Configuration for option 82
configure t
ip dhcp use class
ip dhcp class relay1
relay agent information
relay-information hex 01060240234*
ip dhcp pool pool1
network 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0
default-gateway 10.0.0.1
class relay1
address range 10.0.0.10 10.0.0.20
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.7.2
The hex "01060240234*" information is the Value seen in option 82 of Client DHCPDISCOVER , bootp options. if you have multiple dhcp-relay in network you can add the class, pool and static route to reach the specific relay and the DHCP server will assign the IP address range as per the RELAY agent configured range.
DHCP Client
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
Client should get IP address 10.0.0.10
In Windows 2012 Server the option 82 can be matched against the option 82 value or with sub-options
Agent id or Remote Circuit id.
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